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Polycyclic compounds in which two monocycles have a common carbon atom are called spiro compounds, and the shared carbon atom is called spiroatom. Spiro compounds have a rigid structure, a stable structure, and their chiral ligands have a large specific spin, which have important applications in asymmetric catalysis, luminescent materials, pesticides, polymer adhesives, etc.
Spiro compounds can be divided into monospiro, di-spiro, tri-spiro and multi-spiro compounds containing multiple spiro atoms according to the number of spiro atoms. They can also be divided into carbocyclic spiro compounds and heterocyclic spiro compounds according to the type of atoms they contain. Heterocyclic spiro compounds are formed when the carbon atoms that make up a carbocyclic spiro compound are replaced by other atoms. According to the type of ring, they can be divided into saturated, unsaturated, aromatic and aliphatic spiro compounds. What’s more, the spiro atom in a spiro compound can be a carbon atom or other elements, such as Si, N, P, Ge and so on. If the spiro atom is a metal atom, it generally forms a coordination bond, and such a spiro compound is called a coordination heterocyclic compound.
Chemists have worked tirelessly to address the problem of volume shrinkage during polymer curing, often only to reduce, but not completely eliminate, volume shrinkage. It was not until 1972 that Bailey et al. developed a series of spiro compounds that were found to expand in size instead of shrinking when polymerized. The discovery of swollen monomers aroused the interest of many scientists and a great deal of research ensued. Compounds with structures such as spiro ortho ester and spiro ortho carbonate are good swelling monomers and have been used for the preparation of high-strength composites, high-performance adhesives, biodegradable polymers and medical polymers, as well as for the modification of general-purpose polymers and the synthesis of oligomers with functional groups.
There are many organic molecular dark light materials, the main types are: spirocycles, poly(p-phenylethynyl), polythiophene and polythiadiazole and metal coordination compounds, etc. Among them, spiro aromatic compounds have large conjugated system, good rigidity coplanarity, high glass transition temperature and high thermal stability. Therefore, the process of using spiro compounds to make EL devices is simple, without complex equipment, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
Thick-ringed and spiro compounds containing heteroatoms have received wide attention in the development of pesticides because of their unique mechanism of action and less susceptibility to resistance.
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Medicinal chemistry and drug research require diverse chemical components to meet strict requirements not only in terms of physical and chemical properties but also in terms of chemical reactivity.
Medicinal chemistry and drug research require diverse chemical components to meet strict requirements not only in terms of physical and chemical properties but also in terms of chemical reactivity.
The chemists use the 'build–couple–pair' strategy of organic synthesis, which entails preparing molecular building blocks that contain several chemical groups.
The chemical building block (CBB) is a molecule which can be converted to various secondary chemicals and intermediates, and, in turn, into a broad range of different downstream uses.
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