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Chemical building block is a term used in chemistry to describe virtual molecular fragments or real compounds whose molecules have reactive functional groups. Building blocks are used for the bottom-up modular assembly of molecular structures: nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, organic molecular structures, supramolecular complexes. The use of building blocks ensures tight control over the structure of the final compound or (super)molecule. They carry a variety of small molecules with reactive functional groups that can introduce certain structural motifs into the desired end product. The chemical building blocks are mostly based on rare chemical types with favorable physicochemical parameters and thus are well-modified in combinatorial synthesis of compound libraries. Building blocks can be converted into a wide range of secondary chemicals and intermediates and thus have a wide range of different downstream uses, including promising applications in medicinal chemistry and drug design.
In medicinal chemistry, organic building blocks are organic functionalized molecules selected for the modular synthesis of new drug candidates. In addition, the organic building blocks should be monofunctionalized or have selectively chemically addressed functional groups so that they can be practically used for modular drug or drug candidate assembly. One of the main strategies of the pharmaceutical industry involved in drug discovery is the use of organic building blocks prepared for the rapid and reliable construction of small molecule compounds for biological screening. Virtual building blocks are used in drug discovery for drug design and virtual screening to meet the need for controllable molecular forms that interact with biological targets. Of particular interest for this purpose are known biologically active compounds, especially building blocks known to be common to drugs or natural products. There are algorithms for designing molecular structures from scratch by assembling drug-derived virtual building blocks.
The use of organic building blocks is an effective strategy for the synthesis of materials. For example, tetraphenylethylene (TPE) is a typical light emitter that is widely used in the construction of light emitting materials and in the development of new organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), solid state lasers, photoconductive and photovoltaic devices, and nonlinear optical materials. The simplicity of fabrication stems from the fact that organic structural units can be processed both as starting materials and as precursors, thus allowing the possibility of tuning the optical and electronic properties of the material by exploiting the great versatility of organic chemistry, allowing for different practically relevant applications.
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Medicinal chemistry and drug research require diverse chemical components to meet strict requirements not only in terms of physical and chemical properties but also in terms of chemical reactivity.
Medicinal chemistry and drug research require diverse chemical components to meet strict requirements not only in terms of physical and chemical properties but also in terms of chemical reactivity.
The chemists use the 'build–couple–pair' strategy of organic synthesis, which entails preparing molecular building blocks that contain several chemical groups.
The chemical building block (CBB) is a molecule which can be converted to various secondary chemicals and intermediates, and, in turn, into a broad range of different downstream uses.
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